Phenylpiracetam hydrazide 200mg – 30 κάψουλες

Υδραζίδιο φαινυλπιρακετάμης (υδραζίδιο φοντουρακετάμης) 200 mg — 30 ερευνητικές κάψουλες από του στόματος. Phenylpiracetam hydrazide is the hydrazide-modified analogue of phenylpiracetam — a clinically registered nootropic developed in the Soviet space program for cosmonaut cognitive enhancement και listed on the WADA prohibited substances list since 2014 due to its measurable performance-enhancing effects σεthletic populations. The hydrazide modification (replacement of the carboxamide with a hydrazide group) appears to extend the duration of action και shift the receptor-affinity profile compared with the parent compound, while retaining the characteristic combined cognitive-και-locomotor activation phenotype. The 200 mg per-capsule dose corresponds to the upper tier of clinical-research-equivalent dosing.

Επισκόπηση έρευνας

Phenylpiracetam (carphedon, fonturacetam) is the phenylated analogue of piracetam — the parent racetam — developed in the Soviet Union in the 1980s και registered as a clinical neuropharmaceutical in Russia for indications including asthenia, post-stroke recovery, και chronic-fatigue syndromes [1]. Its inclusion on the WADA prohibited substances list in 2014 reflects a documented combined cognitive-και-physical-performance-enhancement phenotype not seen with the parent compound — including dopamine reuptake inhibition, increased noradrenergic tone και cold-tolerance enhancement reported in cosmonaut research [1,2]. The hydrazide modification — replacement of the terminal carboxamide nitrogen with a hydrazide — is a structural variation explored in the Russian medicinal-chemistry literature with the goal of optimizing the duration of action και shifting the activity profile [2,3]. In rodent models, phenylpiracetam hydrazide retains the locomotor-activating, anxiolytic και antidepressant-like phenotypes of the parent και displays a longer apparent duration of action; mechanistic work points to dopamine και noradrenaline reuptake modulation σεddition to the canonical racetam cholinergic και glutamatergic effects [3]. The compound is widely used as a research tool for studying combined cognitive-και-physical-performance pharmacology.

Κύριοι τομείς έρευνας

• Combined cognitive και physical-performance research — the only racetam with documented evidence of combined cognitive και locomotor activation, of interest in extreme-environment physiology research [1,2].
• Dopamine και noradrenaline reuptake pharmacology — monoaminergic activity profile distinguishes it from the simpler racetam scaffold και provides a clean tool for catecholamine-system research [2].
• Cold-tolerance και stress-resilience models — the original cosmonaut-research indication, with documented effects on tolerance to physical και thermal stressors [1].
• Anti-asthenic και post-stroke recovery models — η μητρική ένωση είναι κλινικά καταχωρημένη στη Ρωσία για αυτές τις ενδείξεις· το υδραζίδιο διατηρεί τον βασικό φαινότυπο [3].
• Anxiolytic και antidepressant-like research — documented effects in elevated-plus-maze, forced-swim και tail-suspension paradigms [3].

Βιβλιογραφία

1. Malykh AG, Sadaie MR. Piracetam και piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders. Drugs. 2010;70(3):287–312.
2. Zvejniece L, Svalbe B, Veinberg G, et al. Investigation into stereoselective pharmacological activity of phenotropil. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011;109(5):407–412.
3. Firstova YY, Vasil’eva EV, Kovalev GI. Comparative analysis of changes in glutamate και dopamine receptors in mouse braσεfter a course of administration of nootropics. Neurochem J. 2012;6(4):245–249.